A framework for teaching Autonomous Mobile Robotics is presented. The activity is part of the Bachelor’s program in Artificial Intelligence at the Federal University of Goiás, Brazil. The program runs over four years, and the framework was built as a design-implement experience for a course module in autonomous mobile robotics in the fourth year. The first years of the program contain mandatory course modules in entrepreneurship, mathematics, and computer science, and the course module in robotics is the second one where students are introduced to a design-implement experience based on the CDIO framework. The course module was designed in collaboration with engineers from Synkar Autonomous in Brazil to validate the design process. The course framework consisted of software and hardware resources, such as container virtualization to run repeatable test cases, ROS2 for developing robotic software and applications, project management using kanban to suit the lifecycle of robotic prototyping (i.e., hardware-based software development), and the “Albot” customized robot designed for the practical experiences. As a result, we created a first design-implement experience in robotics, that was able to match basic professional skills demanded by industry, such as agile development, reproducibility, and software modularization. The framework also served to train the students with the best practices and modern methodologies used by leading companies in robotics. Finally, some reflections and lessons learned were pointed out to further improve the course module in future.